Antz vs. Communist Russia essays

Antz versus Socialist Russia articles The life of a subterranean insect in the film Antz, is fundamentally the same as that of a Russian resident under Stalins rule. Obviously the economy of the ants is an order economy, and everybody needs to move in the direction of the benefit of the settlement. At the point when Stalin came to control in Russia, Lenin had just presented socialism, and he needed to introduce that all the more safely, yet socialism was at that point present in Russia. Antz is a case of the ideal order economy. Everybody has their employments and capacities, and everybody moves in the direction of the benefit of all. In spite of the fact that the film doesn't give us how the ants get their food, and that was one of the serious issues in the Russian order economy. Along these lines, the two economies are likewise extensively unique. Be that as it may, the significant standards of the socialist economy are the equivalent. As the film is appeared from a specialists perspective, I accept that Russians in socialist Russia felt a similar path as Zee, the principle character in the film. I suspect as much, however that side of Russian residents is once in a while appeared since the beginning, in light of the fact that in spite of the fact that they had the privilege of free discourse, it was exceptionally limited. Russians could never take a stand in opposition to anybody of power, since they realized that there would be outcomes. Tuning in to Zee gave me much more understanding to what the life of a Russian resident under Stalins rule probably been similar to. At the point when Stalin felt that anybody acted like a danger to him or the countrys advancement, he had a method of managing it. In Antz we possibly observe them rebuffed when they arent working, or lipping off their administrator, and their apportions are removed. Socialist Russia had the mystery police. Russians lived in consistent dread of being removed or slaughtered. One way the film and Russia during Stalins rule are comparable, was that all food was apportioned. Russia didnt precisely apportion food, yet they just had so a lot, and gave it just to the individuals who co ... <!

Why is it difficult for parents and children to communicate Research Paper

For what reason is it hard for guardians and kids to impart - Research Paper Example Appropriate correspondence among guardians and kids additionally venture that they hold singular incentive to the family, which thusly helps in building up their general certainty level by a significant level (New Mexico State University, n.d.). Be that as it may, it turns out to be very hard for the guardians to keep up a smooth correspondence with their kids explicitly during the juvenile stage. In this specific stage, the guardians and the kids experience a lot of pressure, which inevitably brings about falling apart the parent-kid relationship to a significant degree (Swerdlow-Freed Psychology, P.C, 2014). With this worry, the prime aim of this exploration paper is to recognize alongside examine about the different pressure related variables that are looked by the kids during their youth stage, which brings about inappropriate parent-kid correspondence. The different sorts of parent-youngster correspondence issues would be introduced in this examination paper with the point of deciding regarding why it frequently turns out to be very hard for guardians and their kids to convey in a successful way. Immature Stage Issues. As of now talked about above, parent-kid correspondence issues for the most part happen during the juvenile phase of the kids. During this stage, each youngster wants to be free as far as taking own choices and act as needs be. In this stage, each kid begins requesting for his/her own uniqueness inside the loved ones hover, bringing about raising unsettling influences and pressures everywhere (Swerdlow-Freed Psychology, P.C, 2014). Along these lines, in such manner, it regularly turns out to be a lot of hard for guardians and kids to impart. Obliviousness from Parents. At specific occasions, it tends to be seen that the correspondence interface among guardians and kids additionally get crushed because of the obliviousness made by the guardians towards the youngsters. Significantly, it is seen that because of the lower level of family pay, the guardians of the youngsters are compelled to work outside. This in the end gives

How to Write a Persuasive Essay Outline

How to Write a Persuasive Essay Outline Your outline is your defined pathway to writing a persuasive essay. This essential component of your essay writing preparation process will ensure that you have a blueprint you can follow from your introduction to the conclusion. That is why this article is dedicated to showing you how to write a persuasive essay outline. Keep reading to learn more. What is a persuasive essay? Before we delve into the details of writing a persuasive essay outline, it is necessary to understand what a persuasive essay is in the first place as opposed to a nonpersuasive one. The reason is all essays are tools for argument and there is no sense in an argument unless it can convince and persuade someone. That is why you need to get the gist of what constitutes a persuasive essay. As an essay writer, your intention is to convince your readers, and in particular your supervisors, that your assay carries a valid argument that deserves their attention and approval. So, the essence of a persuasive essay is to convinceâ€" that is all. But to convince your readers and examiners, you need to ensure that your essay conforms to all the principles of excellence, and one of them is creating a clear outline. If you want to learn what it means to convince a person, look at your local politician campaigning. You can borrow their passion and convincing power except for one thingâ€"their sweet lies. The reason is that your persuasion is based on researched facts that your readers and supervisors can countercheck to prove you wrong or right. Persuasive essay outline intro The introduction is the access point of your essay, and you have to be careful how you draft its outline. You need to include the right ingredients lest if you drift at this point, you will miss the mark throughout the whole essay. Your persuasive essay outline format should incorporate the following components: ? A hook: Your hook should be a relevant opener that excites the reader and makes them a part of your audience, ready to read on up to the end. It should also define and set the boundaries for your audience but in a brief and interesting manner. ? A brief background: You also need to include a short background of what you are going to write about. The length of your background information should be based on the length of your essay. ? State your primary argument: Your thesis is your core argument and personal stand on the topic at hand. It shows the reader what you are standing for and what you are going to be defending and building on throughout the essay. Persuasive essay outline body On average, your body will have at least three paragraphs with each of them carrying a specific argument. The body is where you will discuss everything in depth as per the introduction you made. Below is how you need to structure the body of your argumentative persuasive essay outline. Paragraph 1: This is where you need to place your first reason. Here, you will furnish proof that is logically compelling and relevant to your topic and thesis. You also need to link the evidence to what you are explaining and close it with an overall statement concerning what you have discussed. Paragraph 2: In this paragraph, you will state your second reason. You will also need to supply logical and relevant evidence to defend your argument. You will also need to link your evidence to your explanation and then close it with a statement regarding this paragraph. Paragraph 3: Your third paragraph should also state your reason in a clear manner. You should also give logical and relevant evidence to back your reason and how it applies to your explanation. Remember to close it with an overall statement. Persuasive essay outline conclusion The conclusion of your persuasive essay is important to your assignment. After giving reasons and evidence to support your thesis, it is now time to wrap your essay and hang up on a stronger note than you began. That is why your outline has to be clear so that you can have a clear road map as you conclude your essay. Here is how your outline will look like and what it should contain. ? A brief summary: You need to make a summary that will remind your readers the importance of your essay. This component will cement your facts and argument in the minds of your readers. In this section, you need to make a brief summary of each argument as contained in each of the paragraphs in the body of your essay. The summary should also feature your thesis, which forms the basis of all the other arguments. ? Your essay’s benefit to readers: Your conclusion should show and convince your readers of the benefits they will reap after reading your essay and how they will be better off adopting your stand on the discussion you have been making. ? A call to action: Since you are writing to persuade and get your readers to adopt your stand on the topic, you need to be explicit in what you want the reader to do. That is why you need to include a call to action that states briefly what you desire your readers to do after siding with your thesis. The format of your argumentative essay is one of the most vital ground works that will prepare you to write an essay that will convince both your supervisors and readers alike. For a document that you expect to persuade your supervisors, you need adequate preparation so that you can carry out every stage as per a defined plan. That is why it is critical for you to master how to write a persuasive essay outline so that your writing process does not drift and lead to broken focus. You have to master this art to cover the introduction, body, and conclusion of your essay. As a student on the path of continuous progression, you now have something to apply and bolster your ability to write persuasive essays.

Developing World s Issue Of Poverty - 1509 Words

Almost half of the world lives on less than $2.50. At least 80% of humanity lives on less than $10 a day. According to UNICEF, 22,000 children die each day due to poverty. Poverty is an ever-present issue that affects the lives of billions of people each day. There are many government subsidies that come into impoverished areas, but does money solve the issue of poverty? No, money alone cannot solve the world’s issue of poverty. In this paper, I want to discuss the role of microfinance in the developing world. Microfinance can be done poorly, which will continue to stunt the economic growth of an area, but if done properly microfinance can being human flourishment to a developing area. In order to take a closer look into microfinance, I will highlight the efforts that Kiva, an online lending company, has done to improve the economic horizon for many areas of the world. The result of scarce economic growth can have catastrophic results on a community, region, and even country. A downward spiral will be begin when there is no growth; parents are unable to send their children to school due to a lack of money, which creates the need for the children to work to help bring in money. Uneducated youth will then start to become a cycle that will slowly decrease the economic growth of the community due to lack of education and the loss of upward mobility. Stunted economic growth will affect the well being of future generations. This picture of poverty is seen throughoutShow MoreRelatedChallenges Faced By The Country Of India1280 Words   |  6 Pagesevolving and developing country finding its footing in establishing themselves as a global power as well as developing internally. Many domestic problem exist, having grown and evolved from the foundation of India. Their issues consist of gender inequality, religious intolerance, economics, international rela tions, as well as corruption. Those are only some of the many problems which they face. As with many developing countries, India has a predominant issue when it comes to poverty. In August ofRead MoreGlobal Health Organization System Of The United Nations1353 Words   |  6 Pagesdeveloped countries continue to work in developing countries to treat patients and train locals with the medical skills they will need in order to help those in their community. The World Health Organization (WHO) is constantly monitoring and taking the lead when it comes to providing the health care that so many countries desperately need. Their primary mission is to direct and coordinate the international health within system of the United Nations. The World Health Organization set the standardsRead MorePublic Perception Of Global Poverty1433 Words   |  6 PagesAllison Miller Instructor Khe Midterm Essay 13 February 2016 The public perception of global poverty is one where they assume that the poor economic conditions in developing countries are associated with poor working conditions, bad pay, and long hours. In other words, globalization in developing countries is seen as having sweatshops, with child labor, and a certain lack of basic human rights. Women and children are also seen as being the recipients of even poorer working and living conditionsRead MoreThe Problem Of World Hunger1258 Words   |  6 Pagespervasive threat of death have been streaming on various media. World Hunger is one of the main problems that a large portion of the global population faces today. Hunger varies with severity but in this case it is the want of food in a third world country. World hunger is a problem that has existed for much of our known history; it has faded away from central concerns because it is barely brought up in everyday conversations. World hunger has many aggravating factors and principal causes, s uch asRead MoreCombat Poverty, Developing And Developed Nations?1247 Words   |  5 Pagesto combat poverty, in developing and developed nations? Perspective 1: http://www.saycocorporativo.com/saycoUK/BIJ/journal/Vol2No1/article4.pdf Perspective 2: http://www.globalissues.org/article/4/poverty-around-the-world Background: The first obstacle to combating poverty is in our minds. We must understand where poverty is before we can fight it. Although some countries are described as â€Å"developed† and others as â€Å"developing†, this does not provide an accurate way to judge the poverty. Even â€Å"highlyRead MoreWe Are Destroying Our Planet969 Words   |  4 Pagesthat humans are destroying it, I see this issue from a different perspective. Many may say that I’m foolish for believing that our plane is capable of sustaining a large population, but I argue this because I truly see a change happening in our world. While we may always have wars, poverty, mistreatment, illegal activities and natural disasters, many good-hearted people are devoting their life to help our planet grow and sustain a large population. Our planet is already capable of sustaining moreRead MoreThe Effects Of Foreign Aid On Developing Countries Essay1616 Words   |  7 Pageshave been contributed to development in specifically, developing countries and countries far below the poverty line. Many countries maybe facing their internal financial issues, but the funding towards developmental assistance has increased. This paper is focused to investigate if foreign aid is in fact assisting the appropriate and relevant subjects. To demonstrate the effect of foreign aid on developing countries, data has been used from developing countries on differe nt continents, such as sub-SaharanRead MoreEconomists Estimate Wealth And Poverty1736 Words   |  7 PagesBrian Curtis English Comp 2 April 23, 2016 Wealth and Poverty Economists estimate wealth and poverty in many ways. The most three common measures are income, possessions (accumulated wealth in the form of money, securities, and real estate), and socioeconomic metrics. Actions in the last category go beyond financial data to account for health, food, infant mortality, sanitation, and other phases of human well-being. Usually, wealth and poverty measured regarding income. Information on income is readilyRead MoreShould The United States Increase Foreign Aid?819 Words   |  4 Pagesaiding in one s growth can change lives all around. There are many reasons why the United States should increase foreign aid and why it is important to help the global cause. Wealth Makes Health Sometimes there is a higher power than just how far our dollar bill actually goes. The health of our fellow people should be a priority for every human being on this planet. Many countries just do not have the funds to protect themselves from everyday problems. In many third world countries healthRead MorePoverty.A Word That Has Haunted The World For Years. Poverty1724 Words   |  7 PagesPoverty. A word that has haunted the world for years. Poverty is know to one of the most pressing issues of today. Its a known fact that almost half of the world lives on $2.50 a day not only this but roughly one billion children live in poverty. Although the we have driven these numbers down substantially, the question arises. Will poverty ever be eradicated permanently? Poverty may seem like just a word when you look at it, but it actually describes more than just a lack of income. Poverty is

Freedom Fighters of India - 11786 Words

Freedom Fighters of India Vallabhbhai Patel His brave deeds earned Vallabhbhai Patel the title of the iron man of India. For his role in the Bardoli Satyagraha, Patel came to be called the Sardar. Sardar Patel was a famous lawyer but gave up his practice in order to fight for the freedom of the country. After independence he became the deputy PM of India and played an important role the integration of India by merging numerous princely states with the Indian Union. Bal Gangadhar Tilak Bal Gangadhar Tilak was one of the firebrand freedom fighters of India. He gave the slogan- Swaraj is my birthright and I shall have it. To serve the cause of freedom and countrymen Tilak founded schools and published newspapers. Tilak was famous as one†¦show more content†¦Bose was elected the President of the Indian National Congress in the year 1937 and 1939. He founded the Indian National Army and raised the slogan- Delhi Chalo and Tum Mujhe Khoon Do main Tumhe Ajadi Doonga. For his anti- British remarks and activities, Bose was jailed 11 times between 1920 and 1941. He was the leader of the youth wing of the Congress Party. 1.Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi Date of Birth : Oct 2, 1869 Date of Death : Jan 30, 1948 Place of Birth : Gujarat Mahatma Gandhi (Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi) was born into a Hindu Modh family in Porbandar, Gujarat, India in 1869. He was the son of Karamchand Gandhi, the diwan (Chief Minister) of Porbandar, and Putlibai, Karamchand’s fourth wife (his previous three wives had died in childbirth), a Hindu of the Pranami Vaishnava order. Growing up with a devout mother and surrounded by the Jain influences of Gujarat, Gandhi learned from an early age the tenets of non-injury to living beings, vegetarianism, fasting for self-purification, and mutual tolerance between members of various creeds and sects. He was born into the vaishya, or business, caste. In May 1883, at the age of 13, Gandhi was married through his parents’ arrangement to Kasturba Makhanji (also spelled â€Å"Kasturbai† or known as â€Å"Ba†), who was the same age as he. They had four sons: Harilal Gandhi, born in 1888; Manilal Gandhi, born in 1892; Ramdas Gandhi, born in 1897; andShow MoreRelatedThe Definition Of A Freedom Fighter935 Words   |  4 Pagesis one to know if the groups fighting in these areas are terrorists or freedom fighters? To fully understand, once must first define all the terms involved in classifying groups as freedom fighters. Once these concepts are defined, one can attempt to define what the term freedom fighter means and use that definition as a basis for classifying groups as terrorists or freedom fighters. The classical definition of a freedom fighter according to the Miriam-Webster Dictionary is â€Å"a person who takes partRead MoreFreedom and Choice in Bollywood Movies Essay1398 Words   |  6 PagesBollywood movies. Movies showcasing freedom being fought for by the youth and women are just a couple of interesting ones. I’ll be exploring two different movies Dor (2006) and Rang De Basanti (2006), each of which has its own take on ‘freedom’ and ‘choice’. Dor has a very simple storyline; two female protagonists (Meera and Zeenat) whose husbands respectively (Shankar and Amir) leave India to get employed in the Middle East. Unfortunately, employment in India is scarce, forcing lower middle classRead MoreThe Bangladesh Liberation War was a Major Event that Greatly Affected India and Pakistan786 Words   |  3 PagesLiberation War was a major event that left a huge, lasting effect on our world. Starting on March 21, 1971 and lasting one month long, the war became a fight over power and authority. The war affected Pakistan and India greatly. It was first triggered when East and West Pakistan had issues. India became involved in the war when they decided to help East Pakistan. The war affected a great number of people. Just like any war, The Bangladesh Liberation War had many devastating tragedies. Although the tragediesRead MoreGandhi : Gandhi And Essence Of His Movement1613 Words   |  7 Pageswas a political and spiritual leader, th ough not in a religious sense. He was a religious person but believed that all religions were equal and did not advocate on religion over another. Gandhi was born in 1869 in Porbandar on the Western coast of India and raised by Hindu parents, Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi found many opportunities in his youth to meet people of all faiths. He had many Christian and Muslim friends, as well as being heavily influenced by Jainism in his youth. Gandhi probably tookRead MoreBhagat Singh1227 Words   |  5 PagesBhagat SinghBhagat Singh was a freedom fighter and one of the most famous revolutionaries of Indian Independence Movement. It is also believed that he was one of the earliest Marxists in India. 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TheseRead MoreCan Breaking the Law Ever Be Justified?688 Words   |  3 Pages(GP2) Can breaking the law ever be justified? Imagine a world without those brave people who dared to not abide by the law and fight for a right. A world without Gandhi would be a world without independent India; without Mandela there would be white superiority in Africa; without freedom fighters, there would be no democracy in Nepal. I believe that all the actions of such law breakers are good, even though they were against various laws, and such actions can be justified to some extent. Even thoughRead MorePakist Pakistan For Counter Terrorism And Sino Pak Cooperation825 Words   |  4 Pageslike â€Å"harboring state or rogue state† was coined in relation to terrorism, India rushed to capitalize to label Pakistan in such a category in light of latter’s moral and diplomatic support for Kashmir freedom fighters. India has been and continues to pursue United States to consider Kashmiri freedom fighters in the same category as those who attack at United States’ soil. Further to capitalize on the global enviro nment, India endeavored that the GWoT should also include Kashmir in its spectrum thusRead MoreIndian Poets During The Contemporary Period Essay1170 Words   |  5 Pagesread about ‘Indian Freedom Struggle’. Literary work of Indian Poets during the contemporary period was so marvelous that it deeply affected and influenced people and also it resulted in their participation in the movement of independence. Indian poets used words in such a beautiful manner that it moved people to happily sacrifice their lives, wealth and family for the sake of their country. Britishers feared that certain kind of literature was being distributed among people of India. Because of theRead MoreRepublic Day Celebration1452 Words   |  6 PagesThe Republic Day of India commemorates the date on which the Constitution of India came into force replacing the Government of India Act 1935 as the governing document of India on 26 January 1950.[1] The date 26 January was chosen to honour the memor y of the declaration of independence of 1930. It is one of the three national holidays in India, and while the main parade, Republic Day Parade takes place at the Rajpath, in the national capital New Delhi, where the President views the parade, state

How many of you love cats and would like one Free Essays

I hope this speech will help you become sane and understand the craftiness in a feline. But for those who already own one I am sorry but all hope has been lost. I am here to talk to you about a club that I am truly committed to. We will write a custom essay sample on How many of you love cats and would like one? or any similar topic only for you Order Now It is called CHOW. I doubt many of you have ever heard of it but it stands for Cat. Haters. Of. The. World. Cats are the most selfish, evil eyed, greedy, filthy things in the world. What do you think cats are sitting around lazing around for? They are coming up with ideas on how to trick the owner and steal food if not how to kill Barack Obama and become the first evil eyed monster to become the president and who would be the first lady. They are cunning creatures who think they own the world. Well let me tell you now; they don’t. Have you ever endured the aggravation that is given by a cat when it imitates what you do? Well I have done so many times seeing as there are about sixteen cats in the awful household next door no wait the parasites have also invaded my doorstep and under my dad’s car, my garage and my roof. I mean these killers have left their fresh kill under our porch doormat to stop it being taken away by my old neighbour. The squeaking and the squishy, mushy feeling that is created on every step taken by myself isn’t pleasant seeing as two weeks later my sister had revealed the horrors of the dark side that lay beneath our door mat. It will never be normal again. Having seen all that sticky oozy blood I can never step foot on that step ever again. Surely an old man of about ninety years old should be caring for his own health than his devil cats. Has he not discovered the real truth behind these supposedly â€Å"cute babies†. Approximately seventy percent of the Earth sees the reality behind the black fur and the huge eye sockets with coloured eyes. Some may say I have missed the fact that they do not harm, yet have you realised that they are in fact associated with witches. In fact there is a black cat who tries to pounce at me every time I try to throw a bag at it. As you may or not know I throw like a chicken so I don’t really understand what the cat tries to do but I can tell you that it is not normal. Don’t worry I have checked to make sure that no one is watching. It does not help that I am allergic to them but their really big eyes scare me. Once upon a time in a house in a town called Wembley, I watching TV and eating chips when an overweight obscure tomcat came and sat on the same scarlet coloured sofa as me. I had not realised until my sister had went into the dining room screaming. How to cite How many of you love cats and would like one?, Papers

Level Crossing Removal Project Between Caulfield To Dandenon

Question: Discuss about the Level Crossing Removal Project Between Caulfield To Dandenon, Victoria Australia. Answer: Introduction A level crossing is a point in which a path or road and a railway line meet at the same level. The level at which the railway line and road meet is very important to determine whether the crossing can be categorized as a level crossing (Cirovic Pamucar 2012, n.p.). When a railway line and a road meet either above each other such as the road being over the railway line that is not a level crossing. Level crossing can also be referred to as railway crossing, grade crossing, railroad crossing, and road through railroad, RXR or train crossing. Level crossing which were used a long time ago usually had an individual who known as a flagman near the booth. The flagman had an objective of waving a lantern during the night or a red flag during the day to stop any traffic and clear the railway tracks whenever there was a train on approach. Project Background The following project was necessitated based on the number of deaths and other safety concerns that have come up due to the use of level crossing. In recent times the mass of trains and the loads in which they carry makes them very hard to stop at short distances. These trains need to start braking from a very far distance to avoid any kind of collisions with traffic passing through the level crossing. Project Need The project need is to display and provide an argument that though level crossing served a needed purpose in the past and were cost friendly to construct, they need to be removed or barred from use to avoid the many safety concerns that are accompanied by it. They also need to be removed to ease congestion which is caused when they are in place. (Mok Savage 2005, p.873). Preliminary Design The preliminary is design is the first phase in determining how a project will be done and how it will flow to achieve its objectives. In our project the preliminary design shall focus on two main factors functional and feasibility analysis. Functional Analysis Functional analysis is the breaking down of a project or function into smaller parts and analyzed. In our case we shall analyze the functions of the level crossing. The level crossing is where a road and a railway line meet on the same level. This means that at one moment in time the train will pass through this position and at another there will be traffic on this position. The crossing enables both trains and vehicles to pass through it as they move from one point to another. The level crossing is important because it facilitates transport of goods and people from one point to another. Without the level crossing there would be no tracks which would enable trains to pass through. There might also not be a road in which vehicles can easily use to move from one point to another. The level crossing is built in such a way that it can be used by both trains and vehicles in a safe and effective manner. This is because the level crossing usually has a flagman who can know when there is an approaching train and clear traffic on the level crossing so that there is no accident or collision. The way in which a level crossing is built makes everyone who uses it feel safer because when there is any approaching train they can be warned and quickly clear the crossing for the train to pass (Register 2007, n.p.). The level crossing serves a unique purpose of warning any vehicles which are using the crossing to clear from it through the flagman warning the vehicles through a traffic light to stop traffic. The train conductors are also confident when crossing a level crossing because they are assured that there is a flagman who can see when a train is approaching and clears tra ffic on the level crossing. Feasibility Analysis A feasibility study is done to assess the practical application of a specific project (Mesly 2017, p.130.). A feasibility study on level crossing shows that it serves a practical purpose of being used by both vehicles and trains to cross a specific point. It also saves cost in terms of infrastructure because it utilizes less resources when building a level crossing than it would cost to build a bridge above the crossing. However the increasing number of accidents and safety concerns has seen the practicality of level crossing become more dangerous than it is useful to the people who use it. Detailed Design and Development A detailed design and development plan described the specific measures and designs which can be used to ensure a specific project is achieved. Sub Function Analysis In our case nine level crossing between Caulfield and Dandenong will be removed. This will be done by elevating of three sections which are located at the Cranbourne - Pakenham line. The elevated structure which will be new will be designed in a way which can carry diesel freight trains and Metro passengers trains. Different construction methods are being utilized in different sections of the rail corridor. The new design will enable there to be reduced congestion as both passengers and freight trains use the same tracks in transport. (Georgakellos Marcis 2009, p. 239). Maintenance Currently the maintenance of a level crossing happens very regularly as compared to tracks or roads which meet at other kinds of crossing. This is because a level crossing is used both by vehicles and trains. The continual use of this crossing makes it very prone to wear and tear. The crossing needs to be maintained properly to ensure that there is no chance that the train might get off the tracks due to them being worn out. The infrastructure around a level crossing such as the traffic signs being used and sign posts to warn people who may use it that there is a level crossing need to be visible always. This means that they need to be maintained regularly and this comes at a very high cost. The removal of the level crossing will reduce congestion an open up a lot of space. The space will be maintained and cared for so that it is always green.(Federal Railroad Administration 2006, n.p.). There will also be a fund set aside to cater for the maintaining the free land. Walking and cycli ng paths will be set aside to ensure that individuals who wish to walk or use their bikes are also accommodates. There will be planting of trees and plants with the elevation of the tracks. This will give room for development of urban forests which are very beneficial to the environment. System Sustainability System sustainability is the act of ensuring the systems and mechanisms that have been put in place work appropriately. The use of level crossing was a good plan and system at the time but presently it has caused more harm than good. This is displayed through the various accidents that have been visible and recorded at level crossing (Rivanna 2005, n.p.). The problems that have come up from using level crossing have shown that the system does not work effectively anymore. Cases of traffic signals malfunctioning come at a heavy cost because they eventually lead to many accidents, damage of infrastructure and loss of life. The removal of level crossing is the ultimate sustainability plan in ensuring that trains and vehicles can cross at the same point with ease and without any major safety concerns to be expected. The new designs to which are to be utilized in this rail corridor will ensure that traffic can always flow smoothly whether there is an approaching train or not. The roads can also be maintained whenever there is a need to ensure that the users of the road always enjoy a smooth ride as they pass across this intersection. The railway tracks can also be easily maintained and sustained. Trains can pass comfortably at this intersection without fear of colliding with any traffic because the crossing is not on the same level. The removal of level crossing will ensure that operations at intersections where roads and railway tracks meet will always be ongoing and the safety levels will be higher since there are no chances of collision since the crossing is not at the same level. The level crossing removal will also ensure that the intersection is used for a long time which makes this approach very sustainable and will last for a long time (Federal Highway Administration 2009, p. 754) System Test, evaluation validation and optimization: System Test System testing is the trial process of a proposed project or system to evaluate its results and applicability in the area of use it is meant to be in (Rex 2002, n.p). The removal of level crossing can be tested through comparing factors such as safety levels, operation levels and functional analysis between a level crossing and an overhead crossing. The proposed project being undertaken can be tested in two ways. One way is to compare the various factors such as safety levels and operational output of a level crossing and a different type of crossing where a road and a railway track meet. The second way for testing the proposed system is to build a bridge such as an overhead bridge in which vehicles can use to cross that intersection. Trains will continue to use the tracks which are under the bridge. The two ways of system testing can both provide feasible results as to whether the project of removing level crossing can be a success and improve safety and operational levels or if it will be a failure and cause more problems to arise. In system testing the various scenarios of accidents which can occur such as a car running off the bridge onto the tracks can be tested. Such a test can enable the project to establish disaster responsiveness with the utilization of this new endeavor of removing level crossing. Disaster responsiveness will show how safe the project which is removal of level crossing still caters to other kinds of risks which might be observed and how they can be averted or responded to in an appropriate manner to ensure safety is key. System Evaluation Validation System evaluation and validation is the analysis of a system or project based on some set criteria it is meant to attain to ensure it is successful and it serves the needed purpose (Global Harmonization Task Force 2004, p. 3). In our project which is meant to remove level crossing can be evaluated after testing is done. Based on the analysis and testing enacted based on the project purpose we can be able to evaluate whether removing level crossing will reduces accidents at these points and increase safety at such crossing (Helms 2007, n.p.). After testing the removal of level crossing the congesting levels which were previously observed reduced drastically. This is because the level crossing were replaced by other types of crossing where the trains and vehicles would not meet at any time on the same level. Traffic at these intersections also flows better than it did before. This is because there is no longer a need to stop traffic for an approaching train to be able to pass (Mulcahy 2007, n.p.). They each use their own path on the intersection which improves operational output of the intersection because vehicles and trains can use their paths always. The project meets the set criteria and is valid because it makes it safer for both vehicles and trains to use the intersection. There are less if no cases of accidents at all as the case was while level intersection were being used because they have now been removed. System Optimization System optimization is the improvement of a specific system to ensure it brings more value to its users and always runs smoothly. In our project system optimization comes about because traffic does not need to stop when there is an approaching train. Traffic flows seamlessly on the roads and trains can pass through the intersection without slowing down because there is no traffic blocking the crossing. The inclusion of cycling and walking paths makes the new design a multipurpose project. It will be able to accommodate a lot of people. The project will employ a lot of people who will be trained on the ways of maintaining the project to ensure that it always servers the people. Due to there not being vehicles passing through the intersection at the same level, the number of tracks can be increased to enable more trains to utilize this intersection while on different tracks at the same time. The roads being used by vehicles can be increased to four lanes. Conclusion In conclusion we can be able to observe that the project on removing level crossing is a viable endeavor and can achieve very valid results which can be utilized to improve safety and operational levels at these intersections. As level crossing might be easier to construct and use they pose many outlying disadvantages as they continue being used. The malfunctioning of traffic signs which stop or dont work to alert drivers when a train is approaching can lead to the loss of life and major accidents. Increase in technological threats can be an issue for such crossing in future. The traffic signs are operated by machines which automatically detect an oncoming train (Kerr 2004, n.p.). When these signage systems are hacked they can be altered to work differently and mislead drivers as they cross these level crossing. Vandalizing of warning signs which are usually placed near level crossing can also cause drivers to use the crossing when a train is approaching because they did not see any signs which warn them of the level crossing. There are also drivers who are in a hurry and try to cross the level crossing even when the flagman or signs have alerted them to stop due to the oncoming train. These individuals put themselves and all other people at risk (Oake, Doherty, Webb Orietta 2007, n.p.). Even with the presence or absence of level crossing, drivers should always adhere to the road signs in which they have been provided with to ensure any kind of intersection is safe for use and remains operational for a long time to come (Simmons 2008, n.p.). The undertaking of this project displays the positive effects removal of level crossing will have in the transport industry and the safety of all individuals who use or pass through such places. References Cirovic G. Pamucar D. 2012. Decision support model for prioritizing railway level crossing for safety improvements: Application of the neuro-fuzzy system. Experts Systems with Applications. n.p. Federal Highway Administration. 2009. Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices. Washington DC: United States Department of Transportation. p. 754. Federal Railroad Administration. 2006. Railroad safety statistics: 2005 annual report. Federal Railroad administration Washington D.C. n.p. Georgakellos D. A. Marcis A. M. 2009. 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